Shaving apparatus



March 14, 1944. s. LolNAz 2,344,360

SHAVING A PPARATUS Sii/U5 firmo Loimlz by wn MA1* ameys.

March 14, 1944-'l s. L olNAzy .2,344,360

SHAVING APPARATUS Filed March 11. i939 s'sheets-sheet 2 .9 53 7g3 6' Je March 14,. 1.944. s. LolNAZ l 2,344,360

sHAvING APPARATUS Filed Maren 11, 1939 s sheets-sheet :s

Patented Mar. 14, 1944 SHAVING APPARATUS Salustiano Loinaz,l Biarritz. France; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application March 11, 1939, Serial No. 261,386 In France December 16, 1938 I 18 Claims. The present invention relates to apparatus, in-

(Cl. BH3) tended to be driven either electrically ormechanically, for cutting oil'` or shaving hairs in the ,dry way, that is to say without making use of water, soap, or shaving creams, this apparatus being of the kind including agcutting head with one or several cutting elements comprising anexternal comb including parallel and narrow teeth or knives and an external comb consisting of analogous teeth or knives and which is given a reciprocating movement, in contact with the internal face of the outer comb, by electrical or mechanical driving means.

There exists apparatus of this kind which include only one cutting element, of planeor curvilinear shape, and in which the teeth and knives extend over the whole Width of the cutting head, so that there is only one inletand one outlet for the hairs. One of the chief drawbacks of appa ratus of this kind is that, when the apparatus is applied against the skin, only the hairs that have penetrated between the teeth of the combs are cut olf while the remainder remains bent down against the skin and can beshaved only by again passing the apparatus along the same part of the face.

In order to obviate this drawback, it has been suggested to provide the cutting headwith several parallel cutting elements, located in the same plane and spaced -apart from each other in such manner as to form several rows of cutting teeth. However, in actual practice, it has been found that the cutting element which is the rst in the direction of movement of the razor is the one which exerts the best shaving action because the skin forms a fold under the effect y this first element and the hairs which cover this portion of the skin are caused to stand erect and can thus penetrate deeply between the teeth. On the contrary, the other cutting elements cannot have as eicacious a contact with the skin since the first element causes the skin to be stretched at the place where the other elements, located in the same plane, pass simultaneously. y

The object of the present invention is. chiefly, to provide an apparatus of the kind above referred to which obviates the drawback above mentioned and which is designed in such manner that all the cutting elements can act in a satisfactory manner on the skin with the necessary pressure so that the hairs can penetrate deeply between the cutting teeth.

The essential feature of the present invention consists in making the cutting elements of a razor of the type above mentioned in such manner that sf the thrust of they are arranged in stepped relation to one another with reference to a plane parallel to the plane along which the reciprocating movement of vthe movable part ofthe cutting head of the razor Y takes place. g

According to another feature of the present invention, the cutting elements, arranged in stepped relation to each other, are of a width such that they are iuxtaposed without interval over the whole width of the cutting head.

According-'to a third feature of the present invention; the inner/reciprocating comb of each cutting element is constituted by an independent 4 and removable piece, which is urged toward the external comb by separate resilient means.

According to still another feature of the present invention, the inner combs of the elements of the razors are all mounted on a common support adapted to move with a reciprocating motionunderthe effect` of the mechanical or electrical means of the razor, said support bearing on a plurality of rollers freely mounted on xed axes.

According to still another feature of the present invention, the whole of the external combs of the razor is mounted'in a removable manner on the handle of the razor.

Still another feature of the present invention consists in constituting the internal and/or external combs or comb of the cutting elements by means of a steel sheet suitably out and stamped and which is given its final shape by folding it several times on itself.

Other features of the present invention will be set forth in the following detailed description of some specific embodiments thereof.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given merely by way.4 of example, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section, on the line I-I of Fig. 2, the cutting head of a razormade according to the invention:

Fig. 2 is a plan view, partly in section, corresponding to Fis'. 1:

Fig. 3 is a transverse section, on the line III-III of Fis. by Figs. l and 2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion yof an outer comb for use in connection with the razor according to the invention;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a portion of an outer comb made according to a modification;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of 1, of the cuttinghead shown Y 2,344,3ai

an inner comb made according to a modification ofthe invention;

Fig. 'I is a transverse section, on an enlarged scale, of an external comb made according to another embodiment;

Figs. 8, 9, and 13 are views, similar to Fig. 7, showing four different embodiments oi' external combs to be used in connection with' the shaving apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 1l is a side elevational view showing a portion of a razor of the known type the cutting head of which includes several cutting elements located all in the same plane, this viewbeing an explanatory diagram showing the shaving apparatus in its position of utilization;

Fig. l2 is a view similar to Fig. 11, but corresponding to a shaving apparatus made Aaccording to the present invention The following description relates to specific examples of shaving apparatus according to the invention for cutting off and shaving hairs in the dry Way, without shaving soap or cream.

The shaving apparatus according to the invention includes a cutting head, designated in a general manner by reference character and an elongated handle 2, advantageously made of a molded matter, for instance Bakelite, which forms a casing in which an electric motor or any other mechanism (not visible on the drawings) is housed for driving, with a reciprocating motion, a lever 3, capable of pivoting about a fixed axis 4 and through which the drive is transmitted to the moving part of the cutting head.

The cutting head is provided with several rows of parallel teeth or knives forming fixed the teeth which correspond to the inlet side of each comb may be given la slightly flaring shape, so as to facilitate the penetration and erection of the hairs, as clearly shown by Fig. 4.

Advantageously, according to the present invention, the various elements of the external combs may be made from a thin steel sheet which is cut, stamped, and folded on itself, forming a double fold between two successive elements, so that the whole may be formed from a single piece which covers the whole of the area of the cutting head.

The vertical ribs 6 formed between the teeth of two successive elements constitute rigid supports for the teeth adjacent thereto and increase the rigidity of the whole, at several points intermediate along the width of the cutting head.

The latter can therefore be of smaller thickness' and greater area than in the former razors of external combs mounted in a removable manner on the handle 2 of the apparatus.

According to the invention, there are two, three, or more, of these external plates, respectively designated by referencev characters 51, 51. 51, etc., and they are arranged in such manner as to form steps with respect to a plane A-A shown in dotted lines by Figs. 1 to l0 and parallel to the plane in which takes place the reciprocating movement of the moving part of the cutting head. The stepped arrangement can be provided only in one direction (Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive) in the case of a shaving apparatus adapted to cut only in one direction, or in both directions (Fig. 10) in the case of a razor adapted to cut in two opposed directions.

The teeth of the external combs are arranged in such manner, in the embodiment corresponding to Figs. 3 and 4, as to form steps parallel to this kind and it is possible to adopt a number of steps as high as it is desired, which correspondingly increases the number of inlets and outlets for the hairs. Furthermore, as there remains, as a rule, no space between two successive steps "(excepting the embodiment of Fig. 8) it is possible to take advantage of the whole width of the cutting head' for a satisfactory cutting of the-hairs.

When the whole constituted by the external combs is xed in position, it is freely engaged in housings I provided in the upper edges of handle 2 and said whole is maintained by plates 8.11pplied against the lateral walls of the cutting head. For instance, these plates have each a flange 9 adapted to cover the corresponding edge of the system of external combs. They are connected to handle 2 by means of screws I0 the heads of which are housed in recesses provided in said handle. These plates may be of elastic structure or they may be made of two parts connected together by spring hinges, so as to permit of easily moving them away from the handle and toward plane AA. In the embodiments diagrammatically illustrated by Figs. 7, 8 and 9, thev teeth of the external combs are arranged to form steps oblique with respect to said plane.

Said teethmay be of rectilinear outline, as in the embodiments of Figs. 3-4, 7 and 8, of rounded outline as in the embodiment of Figs. 9 and 13, or of any other suitable shape.

Furthermore, the steps formed by the combs may be so arranged as to be juxtaposed without any space between them, as in the embodiments of Figs. 3-4, '1, and 9, or tobe spaced apart from one another, as in the embodiment of Fig. 8.

The rows of teeth of the combs may be arranged in such manner that said teeth are in line with one another from one row to the next one, as in the embodiment of Fig. 2, or in such manner that said teeth are in staggered relation to one another, as in the embodiment of Fig. 5.

Furthermore, the portions 5 of the edges of it when it is desired to remove or to fit the whole of the external combs.

This system of external combs is caused to cooperate with internal combs, such as |21, |21, |23, etc. which are resiliently pressed against the inner face of the external combs and which are given a reciprocating movement through the medium of lever 3, by the driving means above referred to, and in the following manner.

The inner combs, constituted by independent elements, are disposed instepped relation to one another, and they include teeth analogous to those of the outer combs, especially concerning their shape.

Each comb element of the inner system is of such form that the transverse section thereof is T shaped (Figs. 3 to 6). The horizontal branch of the T corresponds to teeth I3, which are. either continuous (Fig. 2) or provided with a central reinforcing part I4 (Fig. 6). When the teeth are continuous (Fig. 2) they extend over the whole width of the inner comb and their shape is, as a rule (except in the embodiment of Figs. 9 and 13) at. These comb elements are preferably cut, stamped and formed from thin metal sheet.

Each inner comb element, such as |21, is engaged in an elastic mounting constituted by a metallic blade I5 the lateral edges |51 of which are bent upwardly so as to form a housing (Fig. 3) in which the vertical portion of the T is engaged. At each of its ends, each blade l5 is prolonged by an elastic finger |52 which rests freely upon an inner edge I6 provided in a recess l1 of a common supporting piece I8 on which all the inner combs bear through their elastic lingers |52. The innerl combs are further maintained and guided by means of lugs I9 (Fig. l) provided at their opposed ends and which are freely engaged, with a slight play, in notches provided in the upper edges of support I8. Thus the inner combs guided between said notches can move freely and independently in the longitudinal direction, with a small amplitude, with respect to said support, so that they can better adapt themselves against the inner faces of the corresponding outer combs. Withsuch an arrangement, each inner comb is resiliently maintained in contact, by means of independent springs |52, with the corresponding step of the external comb and it can follow the movement of support I8. .s

' I provide inthe external face of support I8 a recess 2| in which is fitted the free end of oscillating lever 3, so as to f orm a kind of ball and socket joint connection, whereby the support in question can be given, with the minimum of friction, a reciprocating movement through said lever. The support I8 is maintained through the medium of rollers 22 freely journalled on spindles 23 housed in a chamber 24 provided in handle 2, said spindles being, for instance, kept in position by screws 25 the heads of which are housed in corresponding recesses of the handle.

On the bottom of cavity Il, provided in support I8, I fix a small plate 26 the edges of which are prolonged as far as the walls of the chamber 24 existing in handle 2 and which prevents the hairs that are cut and collected in chamber II from penetrating into chamber 24 and the mechanism which serves to drive support I8.

Close to the cutting head, the handle is provided with projections 21 adapted to prevent the skin from coming into contact with the moving pieces of the cutting head. These projections are also located near chamber Il', in which the hairs that are cut off are collected, whereby the latter can drop freely out from said chamber through the intervals provided between these projections.

With this arrangement, I obtain an electrical or mechanical shaving apparatus for cutting off the hairs in the dry way, which apparatus complies with the conditions above referred to inthat the cutting head includes several steps or rows of teeth with a corresponding number of series of inlets and outlets cleared and established at different levels. These steps `or rows act all in the same manner on the skin, shown at 28 in Fig. 12, whereas, with prior devices, an example of which is illustrated by Fig. 11, the rows o teeth are all located inthe same plane and only the front or first row acts in an eilicient manner, as above explained. By means of the shaving apparatus according to the present invention, it is therefore possible to exert the desired or necessary pressure on the diilerent portions of the skin to be shaved,lin contact with the cutting head, in such manner as to compel the hairs to straighten and to engage deeply between the teeth of the combs, so as to obtain a closer shaving action.

In a general manner, While I have, in the above description with reference to the drawings, disclosed what I consider to be practical and eiiicient embodiments of the present invention, it should be well understood that I do not wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition, and form of "the parts without departing from the principle of the diagrammatically ries of cutting elements present invention as comprehended within the scope ofthe accompanying claims.

What I claim is:

1. A shaving apparatus of the type described which comprises, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in fixed position and comprising non-interrupted transverse teeth extending from one longitudinal edge to the other of said forming a plurality of steps staggered along the length of said tooth, said steps constituting parallel series of cutting elements, inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said series of cutting elements and to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

2. A shaving apparatus of thetype described which comprises, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in xed posi- Vtion and comprising non-interrupted transverse from one longitudinal edge to teeth extending the other of said outer comb, each tooth forming aplurality of rectilinear steps staggered along the length of said tooth, said steps constituting parallel series of cutting elements, inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said se- `ries of' cutting elements and to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs located in said handleand transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

.3. A shaving apparatus of the type described which comprises, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in xed position and comprising non-interrupted transverse teeth extending from one longitudinal edge to the other of said outer comb, each tooth forming a plurality of curvilinear steps staggered along the length of said teet said steps constituting parallel `series of cutting elements, inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said series of cutting elements and to reciprocate in contact therewlthin a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

4. A shaving apparatus of the type described which comprises, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in fixed posivtion andgcomprising non-"interrupted transverse teeth extending from one longitudinal edge to the other of said outer comb, each tooth forming a plurality of steps' staggered alonigr the length of said tooth, said steps constituting parallel series of cutting elements, inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said seand to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs, said cutting elements being disposed relatively to each other in respective planes -,parallel to the direction of reciprocal movement of said inner combs.

5. A shaving apparatus of the type described which comprises, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in fixed posiouter comb, each tooth` each of said inner combs, at least one support for said inner combs,l the ends of said envelope located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs, said cutting elements being disposed relatively to each other in respective planes obliquely arranged to the direction of reciprocal movement of said\ inner combs.

6. A shaving apparatus of the type described which comprises, in combination, a handle, an

outerl comb carried by said handle in fixed position and comprising non-interrupted transverse formingspring ringer bearing on said support for oscillatably sustaining each inner comb and for resiliently urging said inner combs against the internal faces of said series of cutting elements of the outer comb, driving means for said Ainner combs-located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

9; A shaving apparatus as claimed in claim 8 comprising guiding means for securing each inner comb in said support with a slight play laterally with regard of the direction of movement of said comb so that each inner comb is adapted to voscillate, slightly on said spring ringer, laterally and longitudinally, for a closer contact with the inner face\`of the corresponding series of cutting elements of the outer comb.

1o. A shaving apparatus as claimed in claim 1 v comprising resilient clipping plates fixed to teeth extending from one longitudinal edge to.

the other" of said outer comb, each tooth forming a plurality of steps staggered along the length of said tooth, said steps constituting parallel series of cutting elements, inner combs separated y by free intervals adapted to cooperate respectively with said series of cutting elements and to reciprocate in contacttherewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be each handle for connecting said outer comb with Y said handle.

*111A shaving apparatus as claimed in claim 1 I wherein the steps of transverse teeth of the singie outer comb are all staggered with respect to one another in the same direction.

12. A shaving apparatus as claimed in claim 1 A-'wherein the steps of transverse teeth of the sinactuated by said driving means for operatingA said inner combs.

7. A shaving apparatus ofthe type described which comprises, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by lsaid handle'in fixed position and comprising non-interrupted transverse teeth extending from one longitudinal edge to the other of said outer comb, each tooth forming a plurality of steps staggered along the length of said tooth, said steps constituting parallel series of cutting elements, inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said series of cutting elements and to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth,

a single support tor said inner combs, bended spring means interposed vbetween said support and said inner combs for urging respectively said inner combs against the internalfaces-of said series of cutting elements of the outer comb, said spring means being in contactfby their extremities, with said support andby their middie part with the respective inner combs lso that each inner comb is adapted to oscillatev independently, driving means for said inner combs' located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for "'60 reciprocal movement.

14. A shaving apparatus as claimed in claim operating said inner combs.

8. A shaving apparatus of the type described which comprises, in combination, a. handle, an outer vcomb carried by said handle in lil'xedpo-t ing the vertical branch of said T running along gie outer comb form two groups staggered with respect to one another-but in opposite directions for the two groups respectively so as to form a shaving apparatus adapted to be used in two opposite directions respectively.

13. A shaving apparatus of the type described which comprises; in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in iixed position and comprising non-interrupted transverse teeth extending from one longitudinal edge to the other of said outer comb, each tooth forming a plurality of steps staggered` along the length of said tooth, said steps constituting parallel series of cutting elements, inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said series of cutting elements andl to reciprocate` in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, a support-for said inner combs, spring means interposed between said support and said inner combs for urging said combs respectively against the inner faces of the corresponding series of cutting elements of the outer comb, a cavity provided in said handle under said support, driving means for said support located in said handle, transmission means located in said cavity and adapted to -be actuated bysaid driving means for operating said support, a pair of transverse shafts mounted on said handle and in said cavity on I each side of said trans-mission means, a sleeve f freely engaged on each of said shafts and forming a roller bearing for said support during its A13 wherein each sleeve is provided at its ends with upright edges in order'to retain and to guide said support.

. 15; A shaving apparatus of the type described 'which comprises, in combination, a handle, an outer comb, carried by said handle in i'lxed posiof cutting teeth and to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs, located in said handle and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

16. A shaving apparatus of comprising in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in xed position and constituted by at least two adjacent rows of fiat cutting teeth, said teeth being parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal sides of the comb, the teeth of each row being staggered with respect to those of the adjacent row and so closely juxtaposed to the same that the teeth of one row begin immediately where the teeth of an adjacent row end, inner combs adapted to cooperatev respectively with said rows of cutting teeth and to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs located in said handle, and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

17. A shaving apparatus of the type described comprising, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in fixed position and constituted by at least two adjacent rows of curved cutting teeth, said teeth being parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal sides of the comb, the teeth of each row being the type described staggered with respect to those of the adjacent row and so closely juxtaposed to the same that the teeth of one roW begin immediately Where the teeth of an adjacent row end, inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said rows of cutting teeth and to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that of said teeth, driving means for said inner combs located in said handle, and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

18. A shaving apparatus of the type described comprising, in combination, a handle, an outer comb carried by said handle in xed position and constituted by at least two adjacent rows of slanting cutting teeth, said teeth being parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal sides of the comb, the teeth of each row being staggered with respect to those of the adjacent row and so closely juxtaposed to the same that the teeth of one row begin immediately where the teeth of an adjacent row end,.inner combs adapted to cooperate respectively with said rows of cutting teeth and to reciprocate in contact therewith in a direction perpendicular to that cf said teeth, driving means for said inner combs, located in said handle, and transmission means adapted to be actuated by said driving means for operating said inner combs.

SALUSTIANO LOINAZ. 

